See wug on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ex nihilo",
"ex nihilo"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Wug Test"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "imaginary creature"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q3350253",
"exnihilo": "1",
"in": "in the 1950s"
},
"expansion": "Coined ex nihilo by American psycholinguist Jean Berko Gleason in the 1950s",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "]\nCoined ex nihilo by American psycholinguist Jean Berko Gleason in the 1950s as a word that children taking the test would not have heard before.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wugs<qq:see usage notes>"
},
"expansion": "wug (plural wugs (see usage notes))",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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{
"parts": [
"wug"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Wug Test"
},
{
"word": "wug word"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An imaginary creature resembling a bird, used in the Wug Test to investigate the acquisition of the plural form in English-speaking children."
],
"id": "en-wug-en-noun-lLE-U6Oy",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An imaginary creature resembling a bird, used in the Wug Test to investigate the acquisition of the plural form in English-speaking children."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
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{
"enpr": "wŭg"
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊɡ/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐɡ/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wug Test"
],
"word": "wug"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wurmiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurmiz"
],
[
"*wurmi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurmi"
],
[
"wyrm",
"wyrm#Old_English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#Middle_English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"bug",
"bug#English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"bug",
"bug#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "worm",
"4": "bug",
"id": "worm bug",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *wurmiz\nProto-West Germanic *wurmi\nOld English wyrm\nMiddle English worm\nEnglish worm\nEnglish bug\nEnglish wug\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurmi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wyrm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"worm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"worm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bug\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wug\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"worm bug\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wug\" id=\"English:_worm_bug\">\nFrom worm + bug.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *wurmiz\nProto-West Germanic *wurmi\nOld English wyrm\nMiddle English worm\nEnglish worm\nEnglish bug\nEnglish wug\nFrom worm + bug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wug (plural wugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"wug"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anthropology",
"orig": "en:Anthropology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In folk taxonomy, a creature with worm or insect features; colloquially, a bug or creepy-crawly."
],
"id": "en-wug-en-noun-A6YCPzkM",
"links": [
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
],
[
"folk taxonomy",
"folk taxonomy"
],
[
"worm",
"worm"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"bug",
"bug"
],
[
"creepy-crawly",
"creepy-crawly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anthropology) In folk taxonomy, a creature with worm or insect features; colloquially, a bug or creepy-crawly."
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "wŭg"
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊɡ/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐɡ/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "wug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sarikoli",
"lang_code": "srh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sarikoli entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spring"
],
"id": "en-wug-srh-noun-YipJTT6o",
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuɡ/"
}
],
"word": "wug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English coinages",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms coined by Jean Berko Gleason",
"English terms coined ex nihilo",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Wug Test"
},
{
"word": "wug word"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ex nihilo",
"ex nihilo"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Wug Test"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "imaginary creature"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q3350253",
"exnihilo": "1",
"in": "in the 1950s"
},
"expansion": "Coined ex nihilo by American psycholinguist Jean Berko Gleason in the 1950s",
"name": "coin"
}
],
"etymology_text": "]\nCoined ex nihilo by American psycholinguist Jean Berko Gleason in the 1950s as a word that children taking the test would not have heard before.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wugs<qq:see usage notes>"
},
"expansion": "wug (plural wugs (see usage notes))",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"wug"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"An imaginary creature resembling a bird, used in the Wug Test to investigate the acquisition of the plural form in English-speaking children."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"plural",
"plural"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) An imaginary creature resembling a bird, used in the Wug Test to investigate the acquisition of the plural form in English-speaking children."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "wŭg"
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊɡ/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐɡ/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wug Test"
],
"word": "wug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wurmiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurmiz"
],
[
"*wurmi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurmi"
],
[
"wyrm",
"wyrm#Old_English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#Middle_English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"bug",
"bug#English"
],
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"bug",
"bug#English"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "worm",
"4": "bug",
"id": "worm bug",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *wurmiz\nProto-West Germanic *wurmi\nOld English wyrm\nMiddle English worm\nEnglish worm\nEnglish bug\nEnglish wug\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurmi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wyrm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"worm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"worm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bug\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wug\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"worm bug\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wug\" id=\"English:_worm_bug\">\nFrom worm + bug.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *wurmiz\nProto-West Germanic *wurmi\nOld English wyrm\nMiddle English worm\nEnglish worm\nEnglish bug\nEnglish wug\nFrom worm + bug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wug (plural wugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"wug"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Anthropology"
],
"glosses": [
"In folk taxonomy, a creature with worm or insect features; colloquially, a bug or creepy-crawly."
],
"links": [
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
],
[
"folk taxonomy",
"folk taxonomy"
],
[
"worm",
"worm"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"bug",
"bug"
],
[
"creepy-crawly",
"creepy-crawly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anthropology) In folk taxonomy, a creature with worm or insect features; colloquially, a bug or creepy-crawly."
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "wŭg"
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʊɡ/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐɡ/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
}
],
"word": "wug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sarikoli",
"lang_code": "srh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sarikoli entries with incorrect language header",
"Sarikoli lemmas",
"Sarikoli nouns",
"Sarikoli terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"spring"
],
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wuɡ/"
}
],
"word": "wug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wug meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.